Back Kalabrium Afrikaans الكالابري Arabic Калабрий Bulgarian Calabrià Catalan Calabrium German Calabriense Spanish Calabriar (estaia) Basque کالابرین Persian Calabrien French Kalabrium ID
| Calabrian | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronology | |||||||||
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| Etymology | |||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | Approximately 8 m after the end of magnetic polarity chronozone C2n (Olduvai) | ||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Vrica Section, Calabria, Italy 39°02′19″N 17°08′05″E / 39.0385°N 17.1348°E | ||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | 5 December 2011 (as base of Calabrian)[3] | ||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | 1.1 m below the directional midpoint of the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal | ||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP | Chiba, Japan 35°17′39″N 140°08′47″E / 35.2943°N 140.1465°E | ||||||||
| Upper GSSP ratified | 2020[4] | ||||||||
Calabrian is a subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch of the geologic time scale, defined as 1.8 Ma—774,000 years ago ± 5,000 years, a period of ~1.026 million years.
The end of the stage is defined by the last magnetic pole reversal (781 ± 5 Ka) and plunge into an ice age and global drying possibly colder and drier than the late Miocene (Messinian) through early Pliocene (Zanclean) cold period.[5] Originally the Calabrian was a European faunal stage primarily based on mollusk fossils. It has become the second geologic age in the Early Pleistocene.
- ^ Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J.-X. (January 2020). "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ^ Mike Walker; et al. (December 2018). "Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period)" (PDF). Episodes. 41 (4). Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS): 213–223. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
- ^ Cita, Maria; Gibbard, Philip; Head, Martin (September 2012). "Formal ratification of the GSSP for the base of the Calabrian Stage (second stage of the Pleistocene Series, Quaternary System)". Episodes. 35 (3): 388–397. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2012/v35i3/001. hdl:10261/250367. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ "Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point". International Commission of Stratigraphy. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ A chronology of Pliocene sea-level fluctuations, U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 10, p. 163–174.